DevOps & Networking Cheat Sheet
The lookups you make every week — cron fields, CIDR masks, common ports, HTTP status codes and DNS record types — on one page.
Bookmark this page for the quick answer; every section links to the interactive tool when you need to compute a real value.
Cron syntax
minute hour day-of-month month day-of-week — five fields, read left to right.
*/5 * * * *— every 5 minutes0 * * * *— hourly, on the hour0 3 * * *— daily at 03:000 3 * * 1— Mondays at 03:000 0 1 * *— first of the month at midnight*/15 9-17 * * 1-5— every 15 minutes, 09:00–17:59, weekdays
Build and sanity-check your own schedule in the Cron Expression Builder.
Subnet masks (IPv4 CIDR)
/8— 255.0.0.0 — 16,777,214 usable hosts/16— 255.255.0.0 — 65,534 hosts/24— 255.255.255.0 — 254 hosts/25— 255.255.255.128 — 126 hosts/26— 255.255.255.192 — 62 hosts/27— 255.255.255.224 — 30 hosts/28— 255.255.255.240 — 14 hosts/30— 255.255.255.252 — 2 hosts (point-to-point)/31— 255.255.255.254 — 2 hosts (RFC 3021 point-to-point)/32— 255.255.255.255 — a single host
Usable hosts = 2^(32 − prefix) − 2 for the network and broadcast addresses. Work any block interactively in the Subnet / CIDR Calculator.
Common TCP/UDP ports
20/21FTP —22SSH & SFTP —23Telnet —25SMTP53DNS —67/68DHCP —80HTTP —110POP3123NTP —143IMAP —443HTTPS —465/587SMTP over TLS / submission993IMAPS —995POP3S —1433SQL Server —3306MySQL3389RDP —5432PostgreSQL —6379Redis —8080HTTP alternate9090Prometheus —9200Elasticsearch —27017MongoDB
HTTP status codes
200OK —201Created —204No Content301Moved Permanently —302Found —304Not Modified —307/308Temporary/Permanent Redirect400Bad Request —401Unauthorized —403Forbidden —404Not Found405Method Not Allowed —409Conflict —422Unprocessable Content —429Too Many Requests500Internal Server Error —502Bad Gateway —503Service Unavailable —504Gateway Timeout
Mnemonic: 401 means not authenticated; 403 means authenticated but not allowed.
DNS record types
A/AAAA— hostname to IPv4 / IPv6 addressCNAME— alias pointing at another hostnameMX— mail exchanger that accepts the domain's emailTXT— free-form text: SPF, DKIM, domain verificationNS— the zone's authoritative nameserversSOA— zone serial number and refresh timersSRV— service locator carrying a host and portCAA— which certificate authorities may issue for the domain
Query any of them live in the DNS Lookup.
How do I read a cron expression?
Left to right the five fields are minute, hour, day of month, month and day of week. `*` matches every value, `*/N` means "every N", `A-B` is a range and `A,B` a list. When both day-of-month and day-of-week are set, most crons fire when either matches.
How many usable hosts does a subnet have?
Two to the power of (32 minus the prefix length), minus 2 for the network and broadcast addresses — so a /24 has 254 usable hosts and a /26 has 62. The exceptions are /31 (2 hosts, RFC 3021 point-to-point) and /32 (a single host route).
What is the difference between a 502 and a 504?
Both come from a proxy or load balancer in front of your app. A 502 Bad Gateway means the upstream answered with something invalid (often a crash or connection reset); a 504 Gateway Timeout means the upstream never answered in time.
Related tools
- Cron Expression Builder — turn a schedule into an expression
- Subnet / CIDR Calculator — full math for any block
- DNS Lookup — check what a record actually says
- Number Base Converter — masks and octets in binary/hex
🔐 Private by design: every tool runs in your browser. DNS lookups go straight to Cloudflare's DoH resolver (1.1.1.1); nothing else is sent to any server, and nothing is logged.